^{11th International Conference on} Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Research October 02-03, 2017 Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia

Biography:

Surendra Lalwani has completed his PhD, MPharm, BPharm and PGDMM from Dr. H. S. Gour Central University, India. He has more than 18 years of teaching and research experience with keen interest and expertise of research in photodynamic therapy. He is presently working as Principal, Metro College of Health Sciences and Research, Metro College of Pharmacy, India. He is the Member of Indian Association for Cancer Research, The Association of Pharmaceutical Teachers of India, Indian Science Congress Association, Indian Chemistry Teachers Association and International Society for Infectious Disease. He is also an Editorial Board Member of Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry.

Abstract:

Cancer is known to occur in all societies and in all parts of the world. It affects animals as well as humans. However, the types of cancer most prevalent in a community will vary with the age, sex distribution and race of people in the community, as well as the geographical situation, the economic and environmental situation and habits of the people including their diets. In developed countries, cancer is responsible for about 25-30% of deaths. Skin cancer is one of the most widespread tumors. However, despite the progress achieved in all clinical diagnostic techniques, the most severe of different tumors is cutaneous melanoma, whose frequency continues to climb. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a modality of cancer treatment based on light-induced killing of cells after administration of a photosensitizer. It gives good cure rates for superficial skin tumors. The results of PDT in the treatment of hyper-proliferative diseases, especially in the skin are most encouraging and have the potential of becoming the treatment of choice. Porphyrins are powerful photodynamic agents that render cells vulnerable to light. Hematoporphyrin (Hp) is one of the most widely used PSs in PDT of tumors. It is widely reported in literature that the hematoporphyrin (Hp) accumulate preferentially in tumor tissues. The Hp has cytotoxic and antitumor actions which is light and oxygen dependent. Four to six weeks old female BALB/c mice (20-25 g) was used for implanting B16F10 melanoma tumor model. Melanoma cell line (B16F10) was maintained by serial transplantation in female BALB/c mice. The cells were subcutaneously injected (50 μL, 0.5×106 cells per mice) in the previously shaved right flank of female BALB/c mice under general anesthesia (ketamine hydrochloride i.p., 80 mg/kg). After 10-15 days, the mice developed black tumor having around 100±10 mm3 of volume. The tissue homogenates and supernatants from tumor-bearing mouse were prepared and the cell viability was checked by trypan blue exclusion test using trypan blue stain. Approximately 100 cells were counted at various fields in hemocytometer for each experiment. Melanoma cells (1×106) were suspended in PBS (50 μL) and injected subcutaneously into previously shaved right flank of adult female BALB/c mice (4-6 weeks old), through a gauge no.18 needle under general anesthesia (ketamine hydrochloride i.p., 80 mg/kg). Tumor cells were injected in healthy mice in the laminar air flow bench. After 10-15 days, the mice developed black tumors having around 100±10 mm3 of volume. After development of tumor, mice were randomly sorted into different groups: The group-1 which served as control group having no tumor and received vehicle (5 mL/kg), Group-2 also received vehicle (5 mL/kg), Group-3 received PDT (630±10 nm), Group-4 received Hp in dark, and Group-5 received Hp along with PDT. Each mouse was placed underneath an aperture that controlled the area of light illumination on the tumor site. Each mouse was received a total dose of 150 J/cm2. Individual tumor volumes were measured and effectiveness of the treatment was compared among the groups on alternate day. It may be concluded that after PDT treatment, a remarkable damage of tumor vasculature and secondary necrosis of tumor tissue was observed along with a significant inhibition of tumor growth in presence of photodynamic treatment. It indicates that Hp has more efficacies the presence of PDT.

Biography:

Nusrat Shafiq is currently working as an Additional Professor at Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, India.

Abstract:

Conducting clinical trials in developing countries is associated with several challenges which are not limited to constraints of resources. The process of informed consent, reporting of adverse events and quality of data generated are often circumspect. Though several clinical trials sponsored by multinational pharmaceutical companies are being undertaken in these countries, the procedures followed with regards to above mentioned aspects of clinical research are found lagging in several instances. It is a common belief that a relatively uneducated population particularly those in lower income groups, the informed consent process was not adequately administered. We developed informed consent comprehension forms and evaluated the comprehension of participants in an exploratory first in human study and a confirmatory phase-3 study. We identified the informed consent comprehension tool very useful in addressing specific doubts of potential participants. Further, we identified factors which were associated with a low comprehension score. Reporting of adverse events, serious adverse events have been subject to a lot of debate. Regulations regarding reporting of serious events and compensation were laid down. In order to meet these requirements mechanisms were set up by sites for meeting the needs of timely reporting. The current presentation would like to share the lessons learnt and way forward. Trials sponsored by pharmaceutical companies are often monitored by a monitor appointed by the sponsor or the contract research organization. It is now required of ethics committees in India to undertake onsite monitoring of clinical trials. The mechanism initiated to meet this regulatory requirement has proven to be very useful. It was interestingly noted that the focus of regulator’s monitors on documentation to meet the requirements of GCP, took the attention away from clinical and ethical aspects with regards to patient’s well-being. An additional monitoring mechanism could be helpful in working towards ensuring participant’s well-being and his/her rights. In conclusion, with the new awakening with regards to ethics of clinical trials, sites in developing country would need to initiate endeavors such as above to reinstill the confidence in clinical trials conducted there.

Biography:

Afreen Banu is currently working as an lecturer at Department of Pharmacology, at Lincoln University College , Malaysia . Research interest includes: pharmacology, medicine, nanotechnology.

Abstract:

This topic focuses on the production of silver nanoparticles and its antimicrobial activity. Research in nanotechnology highlights the possibility of green chemistry pathways to produce technologically important nanomaterial. Synthesis and characterization of newly synthesized nanoparticles was made by UV–visible absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and atomic force microscope (AFM). The  extracellular  synthesis  of  nanoparticles  and  its  efficacy against  multidrug  resistant  (MDR)  strains  isolatedfromburntcasesfromhospitals at Gulbarga region, Karnataka, India is reported here. Two MDRstrains ofPseudomonas aeruginosa (P1and P2) from burnt patients were selected for the antibacterial study with nanopartilces. The anticancer activity of the synthesized compound was carried out on two cancer cell lines namely HT-29 (colon cancer) and EAC cell lines which were obtained from National Center for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, India.The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) showed excellent antibacterial activity against ESBL-strains. The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Rhizopus stolonifer showed excellent anti-cancer activity against HT-29 (colon cancer) and EAC cancer cell lines. The Nanosilver also showed potent activity against pathogenic fungi and an excellent anti-cancer activity against HT-29 (colon cancer) and EAC cancer cell lines.The development of nanosilver and their use in wide array of applications such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-cancer, on living organisms has recently attracted the attention of researchers towards nanobiotechnology.

Biography:

Mansour Tobaiqy is an Assistant Professor of Clinical Pharmacology in the Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, KSA. He is also the General Supervisor of the Human Resources Development Centre in the same university and he has completed his PhD in Medicine and Therapeutics from the School of Medicine, University of Aberdeen, UK. He is also a Visiting Professor at RGU, UK. He has done several researches on the safety medicines in children and pharmacovigilance in general

Abstract:

Fever in children is the most common symptoms managed by health care professionals. Fever concerns the parents to an extent that even a minimal rise in temperature prompts them to administer antipyretics to their children that if not used optimally can lead to adverse drug reactions (ADRs).To determine whether in retrospect, parents had witnessed any ADRs related to use of antipyretics and analgesics in their children and to assess parents’ experiences toward antipyretics and analgesics use.A cross-sectional survey was conducted in four specialized and tertiary hospitals in Jeddah City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire was issued to all the parents who had signed the consent and agreed to take part in the study anonymously.661 parents provided information on the occurrence of ADRs in their children, 31.5% of children had experienced ADRs, loss of appetite (23%) and stomach ache (20.3%) were the most commonly reported symptoms, from all ADRs reported. 71.8% parents described them as slight, however 18% agreed that these symptoms were annoying, 6.7% of children had experienced significant symptoms, 16.6% had stopped taking the medication and 26.3% went to the hospital. 40% of parents believed that the medication used has caused these adverse symptoms and in their opinion Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) was responsible for these ADRs, 26.5% of parents obtained these medications without prescription, 14% consulted family and friends before using the medications.One-third of parents believe that analgesics and antipyretics caused ADRs in their children, although the majority of ADRs were mild, however a significant number of harmful ADRs were occurred. This study adds further weight to the call for increase awareness of parents for safe and optimal use of antipyretics and analgesics in children.

Biography:

Dr Sahar Hassain Khan is pursuing her Phd at Lincoln College University, Malaysia. Her area of research includes pharmacology, clinical research, medicine.

Abstract:

Biography:

Dr. Sunil Shrestha is a Researcher-Academician-entrepreneur-social worker from the beautiful city Kathmandu of Nepal which is located landlocked between India and China. He is the founding member and works in capacity of Founder President and Research Director at Nepal Health Research and Innovation Foundation (NHRIF), an NGO Located at Kathmandu, Nepal. He earned his Bachelor in Pharmacy Degree (2012) from Asian College for Advanced Studies which isaffiliated to Purbanchal University, Nepal. He is Registered Pharmacist of Nepal Pharmacy Council (NPC). After bachelor he received his Doctor of Pharmacy, Pharm.D (Post Baccalaureate) from Kathmandu University (2015). He is working in pharmaceutical sector, he is social activist working against Domestic violence in Nepal. He had done many photo exhibitions on domestic violence on major cities of Nepal like Kathmandu, Lalitpur, Birgunj etc. and other group exhibitions. He is also Honoree member of Biotechnology Society of Nepal.He is also Editorial Board Member at Medplus International Journals and Editorial Board Member at International Journal of Pharmacovigilance

Abstract:

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are inevitable risk factors associated with the use of anticancer drugs. A great emphasis is needed for their detection, assessment, monitoring, reporting and prevention. A prospective cohort study was carried out at oncological ward of three different hospitals in Kathmandu, Nepal with objectives to study the incidence and pattern of ADRs; and to assess the causality, severity and preventability using different types of scales like Naranjo Algorithm, modified Hartwig and Siegel and modified Shumock and Thornton scale. Females and age greater than 60 years were found to have the risk factors for getting ADRs. Alkylating agents were responsible for the ADRs in 32.51% followed by antimetabolites (29.62%). Carboplatin was responsible for 14.40% of the ADRs followed by gemcitabine (13.58%) and fluorouracil (13.16%). Paclitaxel, Docetaxel, Cisplastin and Doxorubicin were found to be other drugs identified for causing ADRs. Anemia (42.6%) was the most commonly encountered ADRs followed by fever, neutropenia. ADRs of the suspected drug continued in 36.9%, stopped in 21.3%, discontinued in 16.4%, dose reduced in 13.9% and drug changed in 11.5%. Most of the reactions were probable (66%) in causality, moderate (72.4%) in severity and probably preventable (52.2%) in nature. ADRs increased cost of illness due to added therapy for management of ADRS, clinical investigations and prolongation of hospital stay. ADRs are still of a great problem in cancer patient care. All involved in management of a cancer person have to play a great role in detection, monitoring and prevention of ADR to provide the better pharmaceutical care to patients.

Biography:

Prof. Noorizan is a Professor in Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA(UiTM), Malaysia. Graduated in  Master of Science, Radiopharmacy, from University of Southern California,1983 and PharmD, from University of Minnesota, USA,1985. She has been teaching  Pharmacy more than 30 years at University Sains Malaysia(USM),Universiti Teknologi MARA(UiTM) and Management and Science University (MSU). Her current research interest  focus on clinical pharmacy, pharmacoepidemiology, pharmaceutical outcome study, pharmacy practice and halal pharmaceuticals. Involved She also National Committee of Halal Pharmaceutical Products and Assessor Panel for National Research Grant. She is a preceptor for Critical Care, infectious Disease and Nephrology Pharmacy for undergraduate and clinical pharmacy post-graduate students.  

Abstract:

Cutaneous skin reaction it the most reported cases based on the spontaneous adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reported in Malaysia 2015. Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) is the rare cutaneous skin reaction but fatal, involving skin and mucous membrane following consumption of certain drugs. SJS is defined as skin detachment of less than 10% of the total body surface area. This study was aimed to determine the SJS induced by the drug in Malaysia (2011-2015) in terms of incidence, age, race, gender and extent of disease severity, common drug–induced SJS and the associating factors.  This is a retrospective study and data was collected at Pharmacovigilance Section, National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency (NPRA). The total of 2011 cases of ADRs reports retrieved from Quest 2 database. After the application of the exclusion and inclusion criteria, 661 SJS cases were found out of 48,306 ADR cases reported.The mean incidence is 4.25 % (ranged from 3.05-5.05), female patients had slightly higher incidence of SJS (n=387, 50.5%), Malay Patients the highest (58.5%) and the highest age range is between 31 to 45 years old (24. 1%).About half of SJS cases, 49.2% (n=325) cases were classified as having severe SJS. The extent or degree of SJS severity was no association with gender (n=483, râ‚œ = -0.040, p = 0.370), race (n=468, râ‚œ = 0.058, p = 0.175) and groups of age (n=484, râ‚œ = -0.033, p = 0.400) using a Kendall Tau-b analysis. The first 3 frequent drugs associated with SJS is Allopurinol with 131 cases (19.8%), followed by carbamazepine (n=107, 14.80%) and phenytoin (n=73, 10.10%).Allopurinol and epileptic drugs are the frequent drugs caused SJS. Social demographic data that been studied has no association with the extent of SJS severity.

Biography:

Khalid A Al-Sunaidar is currently working as Faculty of Pharmacy at Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. His area of research is adequacy of empirical antibiotics in ICU sepsis patients.

Abstract:

Sepsis affects over 26 million people worldwide each year causing death every 3 to 4 seconds. It is considered as the top cause of morbidity and mortality in clinical settings. Severity score system is used to predict the mortality in hospitalized critically ill patients. The most common used scoring system is The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE). This study aimed to determine the association of sepsis treatment in adult’s ICU patients on severity index APACHE scores and their predicators or clinical outcomes. A retrospective study was conducted in critically ill adult patients with sepsis in the ICU of Sungi Boluh Hospital. Data were retrieved from the patients’ records. The univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses with cox regression modeling were performed to compute the adjusted association of sepsis treatment on ICU-mortality. The result showed that out of 228 ICU adults patients, 193 (84.6%) died. In univariate linear regression, there were 28 significant predicators of severity APACHE scores variation. Among 28 variables the most two contributed variables which were shared in explanation of the variation of increment of APACHE score (mechanical ventilation support and renal failure development) R²=0.029 and B coefficient=13.717 (95% CI: 3.366-24.067; P=0.010), R²=0.205 and B coefficient=9.285 (95% CI: 6.890-11.680; P=0.000), respectively. However, for the multivariate linear regression model, only 2 variables were more likely associated as predicators for increment of APACHE scores (septic shock diagnosis and CRRT supported patients) with R²=0.779, B coefficient=5.344 (95% CI: 1.077-9.610; P=0.016) and B coefficient=4.124 (95% CI: 1.078-7.171; P=0.009), respectively. In the univariate cox regression, receiving mechanical ventilation (MV) for 1-3 days has risk of death HR 40.524 (95% CI 5.383-305.076, P=0.000), and in MV for 4-6 days HR 10.025, 95% (CI 1.364-73.695, P=.024) respectively. Additionally, the sepsis induced organ failures (4 organs) has risk of death HR 1.820, 95% (CI 1.067-3.106, P=0.028). DVT develop Disease HR 1.676, 95% (CI 1.225-2.294, P=0.001). Intermittent dialysis HR 0.340, 95% (CI.228-0.507, P=0.000). While in the multivariate cox regression, the organ dysfunction (4 organs) was the protective factor for mortality with HR 0.128, 95% (CI: 0.025-0.654; P=0.014) as well as the intermittent dialysis HR 0.027, 95% (CI: 0.002-0.321, P=0.004), respectively. Regarding the survival estimation Kaplan-Meier, the intermittent dialysis was significantly associated with the survival with the Log Rank (Mantel-Cox) χ²=27.831 (95% CI: 13.172-18.828; P=0.000). Additionally, patients who received DVT treatment was significantly associated with the survival with the Log Rank (Mantel-Cox) χ²=12.285 (95% CI: 8.197-11.803; P=0.000). The septic shock and CRRT therapy were predictors for increasing severity index scores. However, the MV received for 1-6 days and sepsis induced four organs failure were risk factors for ICU mortality.

Biography:

Ph.D., M. Pharm. (Pharm. Chemistry), B. Pharm. and PGDMM from Dr. H. S. Gour Central University, Sagar, India; More than 18 years of teaching and research experience with keen interest and expertise of research in Photodynamic therapy. Carrier: Presently working as Principal, Metro College of Health Sciences and Research, Metro College of Pharmacy, Greater Noida, India. Selected Awards: Junior research fellowship by UGC during Ph. D, best oral presentation by Department of Botany, Dr. H. S. Gour Central University, Sagar, India. Membership: Indian Association for Cancer Research, The Association of Pharmaceutical Teachers of India, Indian Science Congress Association, Indian Chemistry Teachers Association, International Society for Infectious Disease. Editorial Board Member: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Publications and Presentations: various National and International conferences: 37, Orientation Programmes: 04, Guided PG: 10 Expert Talks: 05

Abstract:

Biography:

Dr. Al-Azayzih is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Clinical Pharmacy at Jordan University of Science and Technology. His current Research projects focuses on understanding the molecular mechanisms governing Prostate and Bladder Cancer progression, tumor angiogenesis and metastasis, and identifying newer therapeutics strategies to manage both cancers. He earned his Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) Degree from Jordan University of Science and Technology in 2007. He then earned a Ph.D. in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics from the University of Georgia- College of Pharmacy in 2014.Dr. Al-Azayzih is a Board Certified in Oncology Pharmacy since May, 2014.  Dr. Al-Azayzih has authored has authored 12 original research publications in various Journals including biochemical biophysical acta, Nanomedicine, Journal of Biological Chemistry, Journal of Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, and others. He has authored more than 25 abstracts presented in local, national and international conferences and received several awards for research and academic excellence

Abstract:

Clopidogrel is considered one of the most important drugs used either alone or in combination with aspirin to reduce the risk of major cardiovascular conditions including heart diseases and stroke, and in patients who receive coronary stents after myocardial infarction. Recent studies have shown that clopidogrel efficacy might be affected by co-prescribing of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), such as omeprazole and esomeprazole as they inhibit the CYP2C19 enzyme, which is necessary for clopidogrel biotransformation and activation in the body. So, co-administration of both drugs might decrease the clopidogrel antiplatelet activity and sub-therapeutic effects in those patients who use clopidogrel. Objective: the main objective of our study is to evaluate the prevalence of co-prescribing of both clopidogrel and PPIs among patients who are treated in a number of Jordanian hospitals (Albashir Hospital, King Abdullah University Hospital, Al-Karak Hospital, and Prince Hamza Hospital). Method: this study is a cross-sectional study conducted over a period of 100 days. It involves a total number of 18303 patients from both genders who are visited the outpatient pharmacies in those hospitals. Results: Of 18303 patient’s records studied, a total number of 438 patients were prescribed clopidogrel, of which 238 were prescribed aspirin also, and 103 patients had received clopidogrel and PPIs (any) together. Among those who were prescribed clopidogrel and PPIs, 82 patients received lansoprazole, 6 patients received esomeprazole, and 15 patients received omeprazole. We further categorized the patients who are taking clopidogrel and PPIs based on their diabetic status as diabetes, known to increase the risk of cardiovascular conditions. A total number of 25 and 78 patients who received the combination of clopidogrel and PPI (any) were diabetic and non-diabetic, respectively. Conclusion: a large number of patients were prescribed a combination therapy of clopidogrel and PPIs (any). It is very important to either quit such co-prescribing behavior, especially, when they are not necessary (e.g, using clopidogrel alone without aspirin). Also, using the PPIs with the lowest inhibitory effect on CYP2C19, such as pantoprazole and rabeprazole are considered to be better alternatives.

Biography:

Sami Mohammed Albawani is a Phd candidate in department of pharmacology at University Teknologi MARA, Malaysia .

Abstract:

As health care professionals, pharmacists are ideally located in community to ensure safe, effective, and rational use of drugs during self-medication practice. However, the profession of pharmacist in Yemen has become less trustworthy and many drugs are dispensed without any medical supervision. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of community pharmacists and other drug dispensers during self-medication practice. Methods: An in depth, semi-structured interviews including a series of open-ended questions were conducted and twenty community drug dispensers working in ten community pharmacies in Sana'a City were recruited based on purposive sampling technique. All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and translated to English. The transcripts were analyzed thematically using constant comparison approach. Results: Many important themes were identified including the irrational dispensing practice by drug dispensers, poor quality of education, lack of trust towards pharmacists and doctors. Conclusion: There is an urgent need for educational campaigns to increase awareness among drug dispensers toward the risk of irresponsible self-medication. Only qualified pharmacists should be allowed to dispense medications, pharmacy curriculum need to be reviewed and updated to address important health issues including self-medication and health authorities must urgently ensure the enactment of pharmacy law.

Biography:

Dr. Ankur Vaidya did his graduation, post graduation and PhD from Deptt. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour University, Sagar (M.P.) in 2004, 2008 and 2013 respectively. Dr. Vaidya has a teaching and research experience of more than 8 years and is currently working as Asst. Professor in Pharmacy College UPRIMS and R Saifai, Etawah (U.P.). Dr. Ankur has a key research interest in QSAR, Drug design, synthesis of new drugs, Instrumentation (UV, IR, NMR and Mass spectroscopy) and New Chemical Entities (NCE) for Anticancer activity. Dr Vaidya has credited as reviewer of international journals of repute in the field of Pharmaceutical sciences. He was the recipient of AICTE-NDF (National Doctorate Fellowship) fellowship for PhD research project and UGC fellowship for his M.Pharm project work. Dr. Ankur has participated/presented in various National and International conferences held in India. 

Abstract:

As a continuation of our efforts to discover and develop the 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives as potential anticancer agents, presently we explored substitutions at the 3^rd and 5^th position of 1,2,4-oxadiazoles toenhancetheanticancerpotential ofsynthesizedcompounds.Formationof3aryl5aryl1,2,4oxadiazoleswereaccomplishedbythereactionofsubstitutedarylcarbonylchloridewithsubstitutedhydroxybenzamidineorhydroxypyridinecarboxamidine. The in vitrocytotoxic effects of 3-aryl-5-aryl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles have demonstrated across a array of tumor cell types and a fewcompounds(2AA,1CC,1AAand1BB)exhibitedhighestanticancer potential against different cancer (DLD1, T47D, CaCo-2 and PC-3) cell lines respectively.